Pyrometry applied to the hardening of high-speed steels

Secondary Hardening in High Speed Steels

High-speed digital color imaging pyrometry.

Temperature measurements of high-explosive and combustion processes are difficult to obtain due to the speed and environment of the events. To overcome these challenges, we have characterized and calibrated a digital high-speed color camera that may be used to measure the temperature of such events. A two-color ratio method is used to calculate a temperature using the color filter array raw ima...

High-Alloy Ferritic Steels: Martensitic Stainless Steels, Precipitation Hardening (code 1810)

This report may be updated and revised periodically in response to the needs of the technical community; up-to-date versions can be requested from the editors at the address given below or downloaded at http://www.ca.sandia.gov/matlsTechRef/. The content of this report will also be incorporated into a Sandia National Laboratory report (SAND2008-1163); the most recent version can be obtained fro...

Duplex Hardening of Steels for Aeroengine Bearings

Duplex hardening is a process in which conventional heat-treatments such as secondary or case hardening are followed up by surface nitriding to achieve exceptional properties, particularly in the context of aeroengine bearings. Hardness values in excess of 1 000 HV can in principle be achieved, and although the hardness decreases as a function of depth below the surface, some level of enhanceme...

consequence analysis of the leakage, ignition and explosion during high pressure sour gas injection process to the oil reservoir

there is no doubt that human being needs to become integrated with industry and industry needs to be progressed, daily. on the other hand, serious events in industrial units specially in oil industries has been shown that such damages and events are industry related ones. the consequence of such events and damages which resulted in chemical and poisoned explosions and loss of life and property ...